Academic Satisfaction of Pedagogy Students Regarding Learning in Virtual Mode

The Covid-19 pandemic in Chile was declared as such in March 2020. As a result, the Ministry of Education compiled guidelines to provide continuity to the formative processes, through which the concept of remote learning emerged. This research paper aims at identifying academic satisfaction of pedagogy students in a higher education institution (HEI) regarding learning in the virtual mode in the pandemic context. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional methodology was used. The sample consisted of 337 students in 6 pedagogical courses at an HEI in the Araucanía region to whom a questionnaire on satisfaction with virtual teaching was administered. Results indicated that student satisfaction was low regarding the way content was handled and evaluation mechanisms used in the virtual mode. However, high satisfaction was shown in the items corresponding to teacher-student interaction. In addition, we found no statistically significant differences in the items related to the fulfillment of expectations and learning achieved in the virtual mode, either by gender, level of study, program, or academic performance. Finally, there was high dissatisfaction with virtual teaching during the present academic cycle. We recommend the systematic evaluation of the indicators of educational quality, mainly linked to the treatment of the content, the evaluation mechanisms used, and the teacher-student interaction channels, since they improve the academic performance of HEIs. © Authors.

Smart Online Oxygen Supply Management though Internet of Things (IoT)

We are surrounded by oxygen in the air we We cannot even exist without the ability to breathe. The need for oxygen has increased during the COVID19 pandemic, and although there is enough oxygen in our country, the main issue is getting it to hospitals or those in need on time. This is simply due to a significant communication gap between suppliers and hospitals, so we plan to implement an idea that will close this gap using real-time tracking as we can track the movement of oxygen tankers by gathering the requirements. We are using an ESP32 Wi-Fi module, a MEMS pressure sensor that enables the combination of precise sensors, potential processing, and wireless communication, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, IFTTT, and MQTT protocols, to implement it successfully. The pressure sensor publishes the value of oxygen remaining from the location to the MQTT broker. © 2022 IEEE.

Thrombotic Events in COVID-19 Patients Admitted at Chinese General Hospital and Medical Center

Background: Thrombosis is among the most prominent and concerning complications associated with COVID-19. These thrombotic events have been associated in progression of ARDS and morbidity and mortality. Methodology: Retrospective cohort study of 203 patients>=18 years old with confirmed COVID-19 admitted on tertiary referal hospital from January to December 2021. All thrombotic events were established by clinical signs and symptoms, ultrasonography and CT scan. Result(s) and Conclusion(s): Sixty five (32%) patients out of 203 developed thrombotic complications. The most common thrombotic event was pulmonary embolism (36%), followed by myocardial infarction (28%), cerebrovascular infarct (27%), DVT (25%), acute limb ischemia (7%) and lastly, mesenteric ischemia (6%). There were significant differences in demographic and clinical profile among COVID-19 patients with and without thrombotic events. Thrombosis was more commonly seen in advanced age (>=75 years, 49.2% vs. 23.9%;RR2.06, CI1.4-3.03), severe infection (severe, 24.6% vs. 19.6%;RR1.2, CI0.8-1.9 and critical and 47.7% vs. 10.1%;RR3.2, CI2.2-4.6, respectively), ICU admission (20% vs. 3.6%;RR2.6, CI1.8-3.7). Other complications were acute respiratory syndrome (83% vs. 43.5%;RR3.8, CI2.1-6.9), acute kidney injury (50.8% vs. 19.6%;RR2.46, CI1.68-3.6), major bleeding (9.2% vs. 0%;RR2.07, CI1.83-2.34), clinically relevant non-major bleeding (30.8% vs. 10.1%;RR2.21, CI1.52-3.22), hospitalization>21 days (29.2% vs. 13%;RR1.85, CI1.24-2,76), and all-cause mortality (60% vs. 3.6%;RR5.42, CI3.76-7.82). Patients who developed thrombosis had prolonged duration of immobilization, higher Padua prediction and CURB 65 scores, with wall motion abnormality in 2D-echocardiography, elevated D-dimer and pro-BNP, reduced oxygen saturation an often received invasive and non-invasive ventilation and hemoperfusion. Majority of patients was given thromboprophylaxis in both groups;hence a significant difference was not found. An institutional thromboprophylaxis protocol is needed in managing COVID-19 patients at risk for thrombotic events.

Education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using Cloud Technology: Jamboard

Introduction. Distance teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic is a challenging situation for both the teacher and the student because they both need to adapt to remote learning However, despite the effort made by the teacher, the student’s participation results are not always as expected. In this regard, this research applied the Jamboard tool, which allows students to participate in real time during class development with the constant observation of the teacher. Aim. Knowing the levels of satisfaction of students in the face of the use of the Jamboard tool. Materials and methods. The approach to research was quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional. The survey technique was used and the instrument was the satisfaction questionnaire of the Jamboard tool that was applied to 162 students, of the second semester, of the Engineering Research Methodology course of a private university in Lima, Peru, in 2020. Results. Showing that students greatly improved motivation and interest in the course. They are very satisfied towards the Jamboard tool. Conclusion. In conclusion, it is recommended to use this Jamboard tool to achieve active participation in distance education. © 2021, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved.

The CLEF-2022 CheckThat! Lab on Fighting the COVID-19 Infodemic and Fake News Detection

The fifth edition of the CheckThat! Lab is held as part of the 2022 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF). The lab evaluates technology supporting various factuality tasks in seven languages: Arabic, Bulgarian, Dutch, English, German, Spanish, and Turkish. Task 1 focuses on disinformation related to the ongoing COVID-19 infodemic and politics, and asks to predict whether a tweet is worth fact-checking, contains a verifiable factual claim, is harmful to the society, or is of interest to policy makers and why. Task 2 asks to retrieve claims that have been previously fact-checked and that could be useful to verify the claim in a tweet. Task 3 is to predict the veracity of a news article. Tasks 1 and 3 are classification problems, while Task 2 is a ranking one.

Evolution in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and competences of the teachers of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua (Mexico), during the pandemic

The purpose of this research was to compare the perception that teachers of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua of Mexico have on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) during two periods in 2020. Analytical - synthetic and theoretical – deductive methods were used and was carried out from a case study. The techniques applied to select participants was probability sampling and to gather field information, surveys were conducted. The measuring instrument was validated with a Cronbach's Alpha greater than 0.8. It was concluded that the university teachers perceived that they increased their skills in general, and it was also observed that the use of the institutional platform significantly increased its use. The university must continue implementing strategies that allow professors to continue evolving during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to continue developing more user-friendly and intuitive learning environments for students, environment that will remain even after this crisis. © 2021,Formacion Universitaria. All Rights Reserved.

"I Teach the way I believe": EFL Teachers' Pedagogical Beliefs in Technology Integration and its Relationship to Students' Motivation and Engagement in the COVID 19 Pandemic Year

This study aimed to investigate language teachers' pedagogical concepts and attitudes and the effect of these on students' motivation and engagement levels. Its results were based on a cross-sectional correlational research survey which was conducted online. The participants in the study were chosen at random from among 205 language teachers (n= 205) and 317 language students (n= 317) from various higher educational institutions in Asian countries. Results of the study of language teachers revealed that the respondents' pedagogical ideas and orientations were positive when it came to using technology-based teaching in their language classroom. Results of gender differences indicated that female language teachers showed a firmer belief in student-centered online language learning than their male counterparts. On the other hand, males are more likely than females to utilize technology in the language classroom, and their attitudes relating to it are more favorable than those of their female counterparts. The levels of language learning motivation and engagement among students were also investigated. The findings also showed a high level of language learning engagement among both male and female students. Furthermore, the test of relationship showed that the firmer the instructors' belief in the importance of student-centered teaching and the incorporation of technology in the language classroom, the more driven and engaged the students are in language learning. Students' motivation and involvement in online language learning are not related to their views about the significance of instructors in their life, which is contrary to what many people believe. When it comes to incorporating technology into language courses, there are several pedagogical assumptions that enable EFL teachers to do so effectively. More broadly stated, this study has implications for increasing language instructors' digital literacy to develop more motivating, productive, and engaging language courses for 21st-century learning to improve language students' digital literacy. © 2021 Society for Research and Knowledge Management. All rights reserved.

Adapting Multidevice Deployments During a Pandemic: Lessons Learned From Two Studies

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic brought into evidence some of the challenges of deploying and managing user studies out-of-the-lab. Satisfying new health guidelines required adapting to remote and contactless procedures, which in turn impacted recruitment, participant involvement, and technology delivery and configuration. Such challenges are endemic to many user studies. However, the emergence of the pandemic forced us to confront them head on in two distinct multidevice deployment studies. Changing research design, deployment strategies, and study management allowed us to reflect on some of the core challenges for all field related technological interventions and provided insight into how researchers might conduct more responsive, flexible, and robust studies outside the lab more broadly. Our reflections suggest simple but important ways that researchers can design flexibility, responsiveness, and empathy into all future user studies in- the-wild.

Financial problems met by schools in the onslaught of COVID 19: Implications to fiscal management of learning institutions

The covid-19 infection has reduced educational institutions' economic aspects and made it possible for the researchers to assess the financial issues associated with funding and efficiency of operations among schools in South East Asian universities. In the realm of education, economic concerns are not the central role of the holder, but actors who properly define educational achievement to conduct all training establishments and activities. The essential components are lifelong training and dedication, competency, managerial skills, and instructors in all educational facilities. The study employed descriptive qualitative and literature review to secondary sources. The primary findings were that, because of the COVID 19 issue, school finances are often challenging to manage on a macro and micro level. Consequently, schools are forced to seek the most efficient allocation of money in the COVID 19 era. This study presents implications for the Fiscal Management of Learning Institutions. © 2021 Ascociacion Internacional de Economia Aplicada. All Rights Reserved.

Interplay of shared leadership practices of principals, teachers' soft skills and learners' competitiveness in covid 19 era: Implications to economics of educational leadership

The COVID 19 pandemic had a significant impact on both the administration and instructional delivery. A close partnership between administrators and teachers is essential to students' overall growth, particularly in this COVID 19 era. This study employed a descriptive correlational research design. A survey was done using online to selected schools in South East Asian countries. From the study, it can be inferred that the highly positive results are seen on the level of principal shared leadership practices are manifested by the school heads, teachers' soft skills enhancement, and learners' competitiveness. The school heads are capable of exuding shared leadership aspects on effective communication, proper coordination, direction, and influence. Test of relationship showed a positive interplay between principals' shared leadership with the selected variables on teachers' soft skills and learners' competitiveness. Research on the comparative impacts of leadership styles will assist policymakers and practitioners in better understand which leadership techniques are most successful for specific elements of school reform efforts, in our view. Further, the implications of this study will help teachers better their interpersonal and administrative abilities while administrators are urged to continue to improve their leadership techniques. The result of this present study will provide a way for policymakers and other stakeholders to fund allocation and develop a plan of action to strengthen principal leadership in the COVID 19 era. © 2021 Ascociacion Internacional de Economia Aplicada. All Rights Reserved.

Mobile learning in business english its effect to south american students' learning styles in the covid 19 pandemic era: Its economic implications

The adoption of M-learning and perceptual learning style preferences of South American EFL learners in a business English course were studied empirically. The descriptive correlational research design was used in this study. Data were gathered from 125 South American EFL students who were carefully sampled among 184 mobile-phone-wielding students registered in a business English program at a selected South American university. The Perceptual Learning Style Preference Questionnaire and Mobile Learning Questionnaire (MLQ) were used in the study (PLSPQ). The data revealed that students in a business English course have a high level of M-learning adoption. It was discovered that respondents favor auditory learning, visual learning, individual learning, tactile learning, and group learning with kinesthetic learning receiving the least attention. When students are grouped by gender and age, test results show that male respondents had a stronger appeal to the utility, facilitating conditions, enjoyment, behavioral intention, and acceptability of M-learning than female respondents. Without regard for their age, respondents acknowledged the benefits of using M-learning in their business English courses. Similarly, when the respondents are grouped by gender, there are no substantial differences in preferred learning styles are detected. However, the younger respondents prefer group learning, whilst the older respondents prefer individual learning. Finally, a link was discovered between M-learning usage and students' preferred learning styles. The positive link implies that the greater number of students who utilize M-learning, the more learning style preferences they have for the group, tactile, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and group learning tasks. This paper discusses the theoretical and educational consequences. © 2021 Ascociacion Internacional de Economia Aplicada. All Rights Reserved.

Students e-learning access in select higher learning institutions of less-economically developed south east asian nations: Implications for economics of education

Because of the growing pandemic of Corona Virus Disease-2019, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) must utilize electronic learning (e-learning). Today's work economy, which is forever in flux because of the creation of new jobs and the continual disappearance of old ones, necessitates an on-the-job shift. Despite HEIs in less-wealthy nations like some countries of Asia being developed countries, in essence, it is much more difficult for students and teachers at these higher learning institutions to deal with the transition to e-learning due to their tight financial restrictions. This study sought to determine whether learners at the start of the COVID-19 Era were ready for e-learning and a connection between demographic variables and readiness for e-learning. A quantitative survey obtained information from 1200 students from elite higher educational institutions in South East Asia. A majority of respondents' scores lacked on the Online Learner Readiness Self-Assessment (OLRS). Inadequate OLRS findings among younger, female, and rural respondents. Factors affecting the success of students on the OLRS were age, sex, family socioeconomic status, and where they lived in the neighborhood. The inferences drawn from the study's findings would serve as an excellent benchmark to improve the delivery of e-learning processes. © 2021 Ascociacion Internacional de Economia Aplicada. All Rights Reserved.

Humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent COVID-19 patients with multiple sclerosis

Introduction: Information about how SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and cellular response is modified by disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is scarce. Objective: To investigate humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 and factors for presenting them in a Barcelona cohort of pwMS. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adult unvaccinated PwMS with confirmed COVID-19 with at least one SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) determination included from February 2020 to May 2021 and followed until May 2021. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained. Humoral SARS-CoV-2 response was measured with commercial chemiluminescence immunoassays targeting specific Ab against spike (IgG-S) and nucleocapsid proteins (Ig-N), as per clinical practice. SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response was studied in 42 selected pwMS according to DMT by a whole blood Interferon-Gamma (IFN-y) Release Immunoassay. Humoral and cellular response was assesed using a logistic regression model corrected for age, sex, comorbidities, MS form, expanded disability status scale, DMT, COVID-19 severity and PCR result. Results: 145 pwMS were enrolled (mean age 46.8 years;64.1% female;18.6% progressive forms, 20.7% untreated, 22.8% on anti-CD20s therapies and 56.6% on other DMTs). Humoral and cellular tests were performed from 0.3 to 13.1 months after COVID-19. 121(83.5%) presented positive Ab (57.6% anti-CD20 therapy, 90.2% other DMTs, 93.3% untreated). Untreated patients presented higher Ig-N titres (34.3[128.8]) compared to those with anti-CD20s (0.08[0.13], p<0.01), and other DMTs (19.55[42.92], p<0.01). Humoral response persisted over 6 months in 12/12 untreated, 9/22 with anti-CD20s and 22/28 with other DMTs (p=0.068). 31/42(73.8%) presented cellular response (81.0% anti- CD20, 62.5% other DMTs, 80.0% untreated), with similar levels of IFN-y levels among DMTs. 5/12(41.7%) anti-CD20-treated PwMS with negative Ab presented cellular response. In the multivariate analysis, humoral response decreased in anti-CD20 therapy (OR 0.08[95% CI,0.01-0.55]) and was associated with male sex (OR 3.59[1.02-12.68]). Cellular response was associated with seropositivity (OR13.0[1.29-130.4]), but can be present even in the absence of Ab. Conclusions: Humoral response is altered by DMTs, specially in anti-CD20-treated PwMS. Cellular response is associated with seropositivity but can be present in anti-CD20-treated PwMS even in the absence of Ab. Both can be detected up to 13.1 months after COVID-19.

Humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases

Background: Information about humoral and cellular responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) and other autoimmune diseases (AID) is scarce. Objective: To determine humoral and cellular responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PwMS and anti-CD20-treated patients with other AID. Methods: Ongoing prospective study performed in two Catalan MS centres from February 2021. Unvaccinated adult pwMS and other anti-CD20-treated AID were recruited. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained. Whole blood samples were obtained before and 30-90 days after vaccination. The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 was qualitatively and quantitatively measured before and after vaccination with commercial chemiluminescence immunoassays targeting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against spike (TrimericS, IgG anti-S) and nucleocasid proteins (Elecsys, Ig anti-N). In 150 selected patients according to diseasemodifying therapy (DMT), the SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response was assessed after vaccination by a whole blood Interferon-Gamma Release immuno Assay (IGRA) that uses two Qiagen proprietary mixes of SARS-CoV-2 S protein (Ag.1 and Ag.2) selected to activate both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Results: 457 patients have been enrolled in the study (anti-CD20 therapy n=164, S1P DMTs n=37, natalizumab n=32, cladribine n=29, alemtuzumab n=31, other DMTs n=129, no DMT n=35). Participants characteristics are: mean age 48.1 years (SD 12.0), 69% female, 422 pwMS (29.4% progressive forms) and 35 with other AID, disease duration 13.9 years (IQR 14.1), median EDSS 3.0 (IQR 3.0). 450 have been fully vaccinated (94.2% mRNA vaccine). Pre-vaccination samples were collected 0.33 days (SD 0.5) before the first vaccine dose of which 12 (3.35%) had positive anti S/N immunoglobulin (Ig). As of June 30th, 42 post-vaccination samples have been obtained (1.3 months [SD 0.42] after the 2nd vaccination dose). Positive IgG rates were 44.8% (n=13/29) for CD20s, 100% (8/8) for other DMTs and 100% (4/4) for no DMT. No anti-N Ig were detected. Media titres of anti-S IgG were lower in anti-CD20-treated patients (7.8 [IQR 50.1]) compared to untreated patients (800 [0], p<0.01) or other DMTs (755 [228], p<0.01). Conclusions: Initial results of the study suggest blunted anti-S/N Ig response under anti-CD20 therapy. Knowledge of the cellular response in these patients will be crucial. Data from the cellular study and the completed humoral study will be presented at the meeting.

Emotion-based decision support tool for learning processes: An application with undergraduate students during Covid-19 pandemic

Student stress is a problem that hinders the teaching-learning processes, and that has increased considerably since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. This article introduces a framework for the development of an emotion-based decision support tool for learning processes. As a case study, we consider undergraduate students starting their academic year virtually in the context of a pandemic. Through the application of the PANAS questionnaire and NLP techniques on free-text responses, students' emotions are automatically classified as positive and negative, as well as a level of basic emotions of the Plutchik model. The results allow to identify the most frequent sentiments in students. Also, they show concordances between both measurement instruments and a high capacity for the classification of emotions. © 2021 AISTI.

Overview of the CLEF-2021 CheckThat! Lab Task 1 on check-worthiness estimation in tweets and political debates

We present an overview of Task 1 of the fourth edition of the CheckThat! Lab, part of the 2021 Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum (CLEF). The task asks to predict which posts in a Twitter stream are worth fact-checking, focusing on COVID-19 and politics in five languages: Arabic, Bulgarian, English, Spanish, and Turkish. A total of 15 teams participated in this task and most submissions managed to achieve sizable improvements over the baselines using Transformer-based models such as BERT and RoBERTa. Here, we describe the process of data collection and the task setup, including the evaluation measures, and we give a brief overview of the participating systems. We release to the research community all datasets from the lab as well as the evaluation scripts, which should enable further research in check-worthiness estimation for tweets and political debates. © 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

Socio-demographic profile and political attitudes of groups for and against limiting the free circulation of information during the pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has produced not only a terrible sanitary crisis but also several problems related to the circulation of disinformation in the context of hybrid and increasingly fragmented media systems. In this work, we analyze a polemical question included in the Center for Sociological Research (CIS) survey conducted in April about the appro-priateness of limiting free circulation of information to avoid diffusion of fake news and disinformation. The goals are to (1) analyze the sociodemographic traits of those in favor of limiting the free circulation of information, and (2) explore their general political preferences and affiliations, and the association with attitudes regarding freedom of information. The results obtained through a quantitative methodological approach based on contingency tables and standardized residuals indicate that the most common sociodemographic profile of those in favor of limiting the flow of information is the following: young women (between 18 and 25 years) with secondary education who live in small municipalities and belong to the lower social class. Moreover, the findings illustrate that there is a significant statistical association between supporting the limitation of information and different indicators of supporting the Socialist government: voting and sympathizing with the Socialist Party, self-location in the extreme left, and trusting both the central government management of the crisis and the leadership of Pedro Sánchez. © 2020, El Profesional de la Informacion. All rights reserved.

The Mexico heartquarters case: Physical Education Teacher Education in e-university environments during the COVID-19 contingency

The objective of this research was to describe the challenges faced in the use of Virtual Education during the COVID-19 contingency, by 254 university professors (153 women and 102 men) from four Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Mexico, all from the area of Physical Education (PE). Analytic-synthetic, theoretical - deductive, and hermeneutic methods and quantitative and qualitative techniques through online questionnaires were used. The collected information led to the conclusion that teachers in this study: 1) Do not consider themselves capable of efficiently using virtual education;2) Consider that virtual education, in PE, does not offer the same benefits as face-to-face education, 3) Contingency isolation is the most worrying personal challenge and 4) Teaching in a functional area (PE) through a virtual environment is the most crucial professional challenge. This study provides an approach to the implications of implementing virtual education in an eminently functional area such as EF and raises questions for future research.

Higher Education during the health contingency COVID-19: Use of ICTs as learning tools. Case study: students of the Faculty of Accounting and Administration

Information and communication technologies in the educational sector have important relevance in the teaching-learning process of students and the knowledge of life skills. The objective of the research was to analyze the use of ICT as learning tools in the face of the COVID-19 contingency in the students of the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the Autonomous University of Chihuahua in Mexico. he nature of this research was quantitative and the type of research was applied, the scope was descriptive and the field research, the design was non-experimental descriptive transectional, the technique of gathering information was through a questionnaire. The main results showed a positive correlation towards information and communication technologies, which is shown in various aspects studied: learning style, mastery of the use of ICT, social networks, educational program, level of satisfaction with having technological resources appropriate;in all of them a favorable predisposition is manifested. The advantages that students consider with the use of ICT are the availability of information and collaborative learning. Of the disadvantages that were identified were the failures in the Internet connection, they have access to many distractions during class and consider that they have less learning. One of the most important findings of this research was that students have a very good mastery of ICT to manage the technological tools used during the COVID-19 health contingency.